Chicago Citation Style

Chicago Style is the preferred citation style for academic writing in history and some humanities courses. In contrast to MLA and APA Styles, Chicago requires the use of endnotes in addition to the bibliography. Here are some general tips for citing source in Chicago Style:

• Italicize the titles of books, journals/periodicals, and films; put the titles of articles and television programs in quotes.
• For the bibliography, the first line of each citation starts at the left margin; indent 5 spaces before the second and any succeeding lines. List each source separately and arrange alphabetically by the author's last name (use the title if there is no author).
• For endnotes, the first line is indented five spaces. The note number is not raised, and it is followed by a period. Author's names are not inverted, but use the last name only to refer to an earlier note by the same author.
• Refer to the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style and/or the Chicago Style Web site

          (http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/cmosfaq/cmosfaq.html ) about Electronic reference formats.

 

Below are examples of citations in Chicago Style. For each kind of source (e.g., book by a single author, journal articles), the numbered citation on the top shows how to cite that source in the endnotes, while the second citation on the bottom shows how to cite that source in the bibliography.

 

Notice that for citations in the endnotes, the first line is indented five spaces, whereas for citations in the bibliography, every line after the first is indented five spaces. Also, endnotes require the page number(s) from which the citation was used, unless the source text is electronic.

 

 

Note, this is not an exhaustive list and only includes citation examples from the most popular sources. For a complete list of source citations, refer to:

http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/cmosfaq/cmosfaq.html

 

Books

 

Single author

     1. Theodore Moran, Beyond Sweatshops: Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization in

Developing Countries (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 2000), 24-25.

 

Moran, Theodore H. Beyond Sweatshops: Foreign Direct Investment and Globalization in

     Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 2002.

 

Two authors

     2. John B. Christianse and Irene W. Leigh, Cochlear Implants in Children: Ethics and

Choices (Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet UP, 2002), 45-46.

 

Christianse, John B., and Irene W. Leigh. Cochlear Implants in Children: Ethics and

     Choices. Washington, D.C: Gallaudet UP, 2002.

 

Three Authors

     3. Jean P. Venolia, Georgio Cordini, and Joseph Hitchcock, What Makes a Literary

Masterpiece (Chicago: Hudson, 1995), 54-55.

 

Venolia, Jean P., Georgio Cordini, and Joseph Hitchcock.  What Makes a Literary  

     Masterpiece. Chicago: Hudson, 1995.

 

Multiple authors (ten or more)

     4. Bernard Bailyn, et al., The Great Republic (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1977), 63-64.

 

Bailyn, Bernard, et al. The Great Republic. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1977.

 

Multi-volume work

     5. Bernard Dorival, Twentieth Century Painters, Vol. 2 (New York: Universe Books, 1958), 55-56.

 

Dorival, Bernard. Twentieth Century Painters. Vol. 2. New York: Universe Books, 1958.

 

E-Book

     6. Chris Thornton, Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense

(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000), http://emedia.netlbrary.com.

 

Thornton, Chris. Truth from Trash: How Learning Makes Sense.

     Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. http://emedia.netlbrary.com.

 

 

 

Periodicals

 

Journal Articles

     7. Birgner Wernerfelt, “Advertising Content When Brand Choice Is a Signal,”

Journal of Business 63, no. 1 (1990): 91-98.

 

Wernerfelt, Birgner. "Advertising Content When Brand Choice Is a Signal."  

     Journal of Business 63, no.1 (1990): 91-98.

 

Articles in Weekly Publications

     8. Timothy Ryback, "Letter from Salzburg," New Yorker, Dec. 30, 1991, 62-75.

 

Ryback, Timothy W. "Letter from Salzburg." New Yorker Dec. 30, 1991, 62-75.

 

Articles in Monthly Publications

     9. Jeffrey Alford, "Ap Nam? Kin Khao? Feeling at Home in Thai Kitchens,"

Eating Well, Jan. - Feb. 1992, 44-55.

 

Alford, Jeffrey. "Ap Nam? Kin Khao? Feeling at Home in Thai Kitchens."  

     Eating Well Jan. - Feb. 1992, 44-55.

 

Newspaper Articles

     10. David Miller, “Tightening the Belt,” Seattle Times, January 5, 1992, sec. A.

 

Miller, David. "Tightening the Belt." Seattle Times, Jan. 5, 1992, sec. A1.

 

 

Full-Text Articles from Electronic Databases

 

Journal article accessed through on line periodical database

     11. Birgner Wernerfelt, “Advertising Content When Brand Choice Is a Signal.”

Journal of Business 63, no. 1 (1990): 91-98, http://proquest.umi.com/pdqweb.

 

Wernerfelt, Birgner. "Advertising Content When Brand Choice Is a Signal."

     Journal of Business 63, no.1 (1990): 91-98. http://proquest.umi.com/pdqweb.

 

Magazine article accessed through on line periodical database

     12. Annie Murphy Paul, “Where Bias Begins: The Truth About Stereotypes,”

Psychology Today, May/June 1998: 52+. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx.

 

Paul, Annie Murphy. “Where Bias Begins: The Truth About Stereotypes.”

     Psychology Today, May/June 1998: 52+. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx.

 

Newspaper articles accessed through on line periodical database

     13. Cate Montana, “Media vs. Makah Forged Unity, Spiritual Awareness,”  

Indian Country Today, April 1 1999:D1, http://enw.softlineweb.com.

 

Montana, Cate. "Media vs. Makah Forged Unity, Spiritual Awareness."

     Indian Country Today, April 1, 1999: D1. http://enw.softlineweb.com.

 

 

World Wide Web Resources

 

Website

     14. University of Chicago Dept. of Romance Languages and Literatures,  

Romance Languages and Literature, http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance.

 

University of Chicago Dept. of Romance Languages and Literatures.  

     Romance Languages and Literature. http://humanities.uchicago.edu/romance.

 

 

Audiovisual and Non-Print Materials

 

Videos or DVDs

     15. Conscience and the Constitution. VHS. Produced, directed and written by

Frank Abe (Hohokus, NJ: Transit Media, 1988).

 

Conscience and the Constitution. VHS. Produced, directed and written by

     Frank Abe. Hohokus, NJ: Transit Media, 1988.

Television or Radio Program

“Cuba and Cocaine.” Narr. Bill Moyers. Frontline. Documentary Consortium. PBS. WTVS, Miami. 18 Jan. 1990.

 

Personal Communication

Howard Zinn, e-mail message to author, Oct. 6, 2003.

 

 

Click on the links below for information on other citation styles:

APA Citation Style

MLA Citation Style

MLA 9 Citation Style